Wells, PS 2010, 'Tailings philosophies — to segregate or not to segregate', in R Jewell & AB Fourie (eds), Paste 2010: Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Seminar on Paste and Thickened Tailings, Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, pp. 451-458, https://doi.org/10.36487/ACG_rep/1063_39_Wells
(https://papers.acg.uwa.edu.au/p/1063_39_Wells/)
Abstract: Facilities in the oil sands of north-eastern Alberta have developed and operated several generations of 
technologies for the treatment of tailings resulting from bitumen extraction processes. These processes 
produce tailings streams that undergo segregation when discharged into water filled ponds. Coarse sand 
settles to the pond bottom as long beaches, while a percentage of the silts and clays remain suspended within 
the water column and are viewed as a major contributor to the oil sand challenges of water loss and storage 
volume increases. Traditional methods of dealing with these challenges have involved mainly recombining 
all the original solids (sands, silts and clays) into a non-segregating mixture. These methods assume that 
mixing the ‘good’ coarse material with the partially settled ‘bad’ suspended silts and clays can result in a 
well behaved, reclaimable deposit. This may not be the case, and it can be suggested that the pursuit of this 
goal may have created unrealistic objectives for tailings treatment, and served to slow development. 
An alternative treatment philosophy is to identify the materials which are at the root of the existing tailings 
challenges and develop systems to isolate and treat those materials. Several technologies exist for this, and 
direct comparisons between these two philosophies involving the treatment material balances, process water 
balance, and material handling requirements can be made. Such comparisons have identified opportunities 
for improvements in the technology development focus by the various research and operational 
organisations and are beginning to produce alternative technologies that are more robust and effective.