Wu, AX, Miao, XX, Wang, HJ, Jiao, HZ & Wang, YM 2014, 'The application of the cemented thickened/paste tailings backfill with large flow capacity in Chinese iron mines', in Y Potvin & T Grice (eds), Mine Fill 2014: Proceedings of the Eleventh International Symposium on Mining with Backfill, Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, pp. 473-479, https://doi.org/10.36487/ACG_rep/1404_38_Wu
(https://papers.acg.uwa.edu.au/p/1404_38_Wu/)
Abstract: The development of paste technology has been similar around the world, from non-ferrous and gold mines to other kinds of metal mines. In recent years, paste technology has rapidly spread to iron mines. Iron ore deposits in China are usually irregular, fractural and of low grade. Therefore, the managers have to use large scale mining to reduce the mining cost per unit; large scale backfill systems are required for the safe operation of large scale extraction. Consequently, backfill systems with a large flow capacity are used in iron mines.

The Lilou Iron Mine backfill capacity has reached 160-180m3/h with an annual mining production of 7.5 m t ore, the filling cost of which is CNY 18-30 per tonne of extracted ore.