Arndt, S, Bui, T, Diering, T, Austen, I & Hocking, R 2018, 'Integrated simulation and optimisation tools for production scheduling using finite element analysis caving geomechanics simulation coupled with 3D cellular automata', in Y Potvin & J Jakubec (eds), Caving 2018: Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Block and Sublevel Caving, Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, pp. 247-260, https://doi.org/10.36487/ACG_rep/1815_16_Arndt
(https://papers.acg.uwa.edu.au/p/1815_16_Arndt/)
Abstract: Key challenges integrating caving geomechanics simulation into mine planning processes start with the considerable effort to build realistic models and to map production schedules and cave back geometries into the simulation. Currently, calibrating parameters for the complex failure mechanisms that define the interface (cave back, possible airgap, muck pile) between solid and flow domain can be extremely time consuming. This also often requires a high level of expertise in modelling.
This work investigates the numerical efficiency of automated mesh and model building strategies and advantages of using high-performance computing on regular fine grids for non-linear finite element simulation. This allows direct mapping of cellular automaton results, and in return, predictions of rock mass failure without loss of accuracy at a higher frequency, maximising the use of information available from calibrated flow models for production scheduling. An important goal for such models must be the ability to simulate cave growth in complex geological settings and replicate realistic behaviour for relevant benchmark problems that reflect industry experience in block caving. These automated processes will not just accelerate the cave modelling processes and reduce manual processing time but also allow use of the full simulation cycle in case studies, sensitivity analysis and optimisation in an environment of uncertainty and constant changes to the available data.
Integrated simulation and optimisation tools significantly improve understanding of realistic geomechanics behaviour driven by the inherent characteristics of the rock mass and structural geological setting, by the extraction strategy and by other engineering decisions (interaction with underground infrastructure). This greater level of understanding reflects in key performance indicators related to safety, revenue maximisation (strategy on how best to exploit the mineral resource), and operation excellence (productivity).

Keywords: caving geomechanics, cellular automata, finite element analysis, simulation, optimisation