Ghazvinian, E, Damjanac, B, Lorig, L, Cavieres, P & Madrid, A 2020, 'Back analysis of the effect of hydraulic fracturing preconditioning on mining-induced seismicity at the main access of New Mine Level project, CODELCO Chile - El Teniente Division', in R Castro, F Báez & K Suzuki (eds), MassMin 2020: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference & Exhibition on Mass Mining, University of Chile, Santiago, pp. 249-263, https://doi.org/10.36487/ACG_repo/2063_13
(https://papers.acg.uwa.edu.au/p/2063_13_Ghazvinian/)
Abstract: CODELCO has been using hydraulic fracturing (HF) to precondition rock masses at El Teniente Mine. There are indications that HF preconditioning is effective in controlling mining-induced seismicity around the current infrastructure and may also provide other mining benefits (e.g., caveability) elsewhere. The initial excavation of Túnel Acceso Personal (TAP) to the New Mine Level experienced frequent and relatively strong seismic activity. To reduce the seismic hazard during continued TAP excavation, the mine carried
out HF preconditioning of the rock mass along the projected tunnel alignment before tunnel advance. Reduced maximum seismic event magnitude was observed for the preconditioned rock mass during tunnel advance when compared to un-preconditioned rock. This paper discusses the use of a distinct element numerical modeling code, 3DEC, to analyze the HF preconditioning trial and numerically demonstrate the effect of HF preconditioning on the reduction of mining-induced seismic hazard. In particular, it addresses
the calibration process to numerically reproduce the seismic catalog associated with HF preconditioning and tunnel advance in the preconditioned rock mass. Subsequently, the model was used to compare mining-induced seismicity in the preconditioned and un-preconditioned rock masses. Back analysis of this experiment by means of coupled hydro-mechanical models provided further insight into the mechanics of HF preconditioning and its use as a tool for reducing and controlling mining-induced seismicity. One
mechanism that can cause seismicity during HF and reduce the potential for subsequent mining-induced seismicity is the interaction between the hydraulic fracture and the discrete fracture network (DFN), resulting in “hydro-shearing” on pre-existing fractures caused by fluid leakoff from the main hydraulic fracture. The importance of hydro-shearing in successful application of HF treatment in reducing the mining-induced seismic hazard during the TAP advance is discussed based on observations from the
calibrated numerical model.