Webster, S 2024, 'Block cave learning curve and considerations as caves mine deeper and higher', in P Andrieux & D Cumming-Potvin (eds), Deep Mining 2024: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Deep and High Stress Mining, Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, pp. 3-22, https://doi.org/10.36487/ACG_repo/2465_0.01
(https://papers.acg.uwa.edu.au/p/2465_0.01_Webster/)
Abstract: The risks in caving can be attributed to multiple source mechanisms. For this reason, evaluating a cave’s success and its critical risks cannot be performed with binary rules alone. An understanding of the variables of geomechanics in all aspects of design, construction, and operation is required to operate a mine safely. While Laubscher (2000) set the fundamentals of caving knowledge, the mining method evolving into deeper footprints and stronger rock masses have brought new challenges. This paper discusses industry-published cases and learnings from evolving risks with the transitions to the increasing size of crusher chambers, footprint dimensions and heights of draw, along with ground support scheme quantification and caveability. This multifaceted challenge is why ongoing research and innovation continue to provide leaps in understanding how caves behave and how to best design and operate them. 
Many learnings have been taken from Northparkes Operations, Australia, and continue to evolve as the industry learns more about block caving. Examples from E26 and E48 are provided, where challenges were cave forecasting and reserve recovery, capital investment in infrastructure, cave material properties and distances from caves to major excavations.

Keywords: mudrush, caveability modelling, ground support, monitoring, case studies