Crumpler, R & Ryan-Reid, E 2026, 'Closure in Design: a framework for embedding closure considerations early 
in mine development', in AB Fourie, G Boggs, J Heyes & M Tibbett (eds), Mine Closure 2026: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Mine Closure, Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, pp. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.36487/ACG_repo/2615_115
(https://papers.acg.uwa.edu.au/p/2615_115_Crumpler/)
Abstract: Traditionally, mining has focused on short-term costs and operational efficiency, often at the expense of longterm closure considerations.  
Rio Tinto Iron Ore’s Closure in Design Framework changes that approach by embedding closure considerations from the very beginning of mine development, guided by 10 principles which support informed, value-based decision-making. This ensures decisions relating to mine layout, sequencing and landforms are made with long-term cultural heritage and environmental outcomes in mind. 
Recent implementation of the framework has demonstrated improved closure and operational outcomes for Rio Tinto Pilbara iron ore mines, highlighting the value of closure-conscious mine planning. At one site, waste rock previously scheduled for placement in 2 large ex-pit waste dumps was redirected to backfill mined-out pits. This redesign removed hundreds of hectares from the overall disturbance footprint, reduced operational haulage costs, and improved present and future cultural heritage and environmental outcomes. The Closure in Design Framework demonstrates how early, structured consideration of closure can enable reducedimpact mining while supporting enduring environmental, cultural and social outcomes.
The Closure in Design Framework is adaptable across commodities and geographies, with flexibility to address unique project needs. The framework establishes a practical and repeatable benchmark for integrated and forward-thinking closure solutions.