Jain, K, Nelis, T-J, Burgess, R, Navarro Valdivia, L, Miller, C, Chen, E, Hoodhills, S & Weber, P 2026, 'Integrating water and load balance modelling for mine closure', in AB Fourie, G Boggs, J Heyes & M Tibbett (eds), Mine Closure 2026: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Mine Closure, Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, pp. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.36487/ACG_repo/2615_91
(https://papers.acg.uwa.edu.au/p/2615_91_Jain/)
Abstract: Mine closure planning requires a robust understanding of geoenvironmental source hazards, solute generation processes, water movement, management controls and closure objectives. Water and load balance models (WLBMs) provide a practical approach for integrating these elements and supporting risk-based closure decisions. This paper presents a framework for developing closure-focused WLBMs, supported by practical examples that demonstrate how conceptual site models, water balance components, domain-based source terms, engineering controls and scenario analysis can be integrated to assess closure risks. The paper highlights that WLBMs are most valuable when used as decision-support tools rather than static compliance models. Key limitations include uncertainty in source terms, climate inputs, net percolation, treatment performance and the availability of site-specific monitoring data. These limitations can be addressed through scenario analysis and adaptive management, whereby model predictions are progressively updated as new monitoring data become available.

Keywords: modelling, acid and metalliferous drainage, geochemistry, hydrogeochemistry, closure, mining, prediction