Anderson, Z, Furlong, J & Hill, D 2026, 'Field learnings and future directions of distributed fibre-optics 
sensing technology in cave management', in A van As, D Cumming-Potvin & J Wesseloo (eds), Caving 2026: Proceedings of the Sixth International  Conference on Block and Sublevel Caving, Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, pp. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.36487/ACG_repo/2645_84
(https://papers.acg.uwa.edu.au/p/2645_84_Anderson/)
Abstract: Distributed fibreoptic sensing (DFOS) technologies are increasingly being explored in the mining sector for their potential to support improved understanding of rock mass behaviour and assess geomechanical risk. This paper shares insights from recent deployments of DFOS systems, particularly in block cave environments, where monitoring stress redistribution, fracture development, and structural activation is critical for safe and efficient operations.
Drawing on field experience and collaborative trials, we examine the geotechnical applications of both distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) and distributed strain sensing (DSS). The paper outlines strategies for system design and deployment to provide high-resolution, integrated measurements of strain and microseismicity. Depending on site infrastructure and project goals, DFOS systems can be configured for realtime monitoring and alerting, with outputs that can generate sub-metre scale 3D of cave fronts and surrounding rock mass representations depending on configuration. These observations can support hazard assessment, including seismicity and early indication of cave propagation
Recent advancements have improved sensitivity and reduced cost, making DFOS more accessible for broader adoption. Parallel progress in data analytics and visualisation tools has further enhanced the interpretability of DFOS outputs. While DFOS is still emerging in mining applications, it is increasingly evaluated as a complement to conventional monitoring approaches, and in some cases may provide additional capabilities.
Successful implementation of DFOS systems in mining environments requires collaboration with professionals who specialise in fibre-optic sensing systems and services and understand its unique characteristics in geotechnical applications. This domain-specific expertise is essential for designing, deploying, and interpreting DFOS data effectively.
We conclude by outlining current limitations and future directions for DFOS in cave mining, offering a detailed review of system design, installation, commissioning, and data analysis developed through interdisciplinary collaboration between DFOS experts, geotechnical engineers, and mine operators.

Keywords: distributed acoustic sensing, distributed fibre-optics sensing, block cave monitoring, microseismic monitoring, geotechnical instrumentation