Brown, N, Kaloustian, S & Roeckle, M 2007, 'Monitoring of Open Pit Mines Using Combined GNSS Satellite Receivers and Robotic Total Stations', in Y Potvin (ed.), Slope Stability 2007: Proceedings of the 2007 International Symposium on Rock Slope Stability in Open Pit Mining and Civil Engineering, Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, pp. 417-429, https://doi.org/10.36487/ACG_repo/708_27
(https://papers.acg.uwa.edu.au/p/708_27_Brown/)
Abstract: This paper illustrates how Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers and robotic total station 
instruments can be combined to provide a fully automated, accurate, efficient and cost effective survey 
monitoring system for large open pit mines which often reach sizes of 2 km. Data processing and data 
screening techniques that can be used to ensure the high accuracy are reviewed and in addition, practical 
considerations relating to the design and deployment of the system are presented. Empirical results from a 
20 day trial installation are used to illustrate the accuracy of the system and show that such a system is able 
to reliably provide accurate deformation measurements of the slopes in an operational environment.