Wilson, GW, Wickland, B & Miskolczi, J 2008, 'Design and Performance of Paste Rock Systems for Improved Mine Waste Management', in AB Fourie (ed.), Rock Dumps 2008: Proceedings of the First International Seminar on the Management of Rock Dumps, Stockpiles and Heap Leach Pads, Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, pp. 107-116, https://doi.org/10.36487/ACG_repo/802_9
(https://papers.acg.uwa.edu.au/p/802_9_Wilson/)
Abstract: Waste rock and tailings can be blended to produce an engineered material with superior physical and 
hydraulic properties for the construction of post mining landforms.  The new material, termed paste rock has 
a low hydraulic conductivity, high water retention capacity (air entry value), high strength and low 
compressibility.  These properties can be used to restrict oxygen entry and water seepage into mine waste 
deposits for minimising oxidation and metal leaching within sulphide bearing materials. The new material 
also has a density much higher than either conventional tailings or waste rock deposits, thereby reducing the 
total volume of waste and creating opportunities to reduce surface area requirements for impoundment 
design and construction. 
Laboratory testing, meso-scale experiments and field scale trials using selected blends of waste rock and 
tailings were constructed between 2000 and 2007 at the Porgera mine, PNG and the Copper Cliff mine, 
Canada. Results show that hydraulic conductivity values for paste rock mixtures comparable to consolidated 
paste tailings (i.e. 10-7 m/sec to 10-8 m/sec) with volume change characteristics similar to waste rock can be 
achieved. In addition, field scale lysimeter measurements demonstrate infiltration and drainage rates are 
reduced by almost 2 orders of magnitude when paste rock is used to construct cover systems on tailings. The 
present paper summarises the key findings for the seven year study and describes implementation of the new 
technology into mine waste practice.