Bernal, L, Rayo, J & Fuentes, R 2009, 'Influence of Adverse Slope on Head Loss in a Pipeline Conveying High Concentration Slurry', in R Jewell, AB Fourie, S Barrera & J Wiertz (eds), Paste 2009: Proceedings of the Twelfth International Seminar on Paste and Thickened Tailings, Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, pp. 179-184, https://doi.org/10.36487/ACG_repo/963_21
(https://papers.acg.uwa.edu.au/p/963_21_Bernal/)
Abstract: Theoretical, steady state, incompressible, one-dimensional analysis has been done for the head loss in an 
inclined pipeline conveying a suspension of liquid and particles. Values of head loss for a high concentration 
copper tailings slurry have been obtained from an ad hoc experimental rig (concentration up to  
42%Cv (solids by volume), adverse (positive slope) of 8%). Measured data permits the calculation of the ratio 
Z, defined as the head loss of mixture for a θ angle /head loss of mixture for θ = 0. This ratio yields a value 
of 1.11 with a standard deviation σZ = 0.04.