Root symbionts: a tool for remediation of gold mine tailings
|
Authors: Vézina, MM; Yonli, H; Campagnac, E; Baudrand, J; Sanon, K; Khasa, DP Paper is not available for download Contact Us |
DOI https://doi.org/10.36487/ACG_rep/1208_18_Vezina
Cite As:
Vézina, MM, Yonli, H, Campagnac, E, Baudrand, J, Sanon, K & Khasa, DP 2012, 'Root symbionts: a tool for remediation of gold mine tailings', in AB Fourie & M Tibbett (eds), Mine Closure 2012: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Mine Closure, Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, pp. 187-195, https://doi.org/10.36487/ACG_rep/1208_18_Vezina
Abstract:
The mining company IAMGOLD aims to reduce the environmental footprint of its Essakane project (Burkina Faso) through soil restoration projects. Mining activities generate important physical, chemical and biological impacts on the ecosystem. The main solid wastes produced (tailings and overburden), are often biologically dead substrates and contain excess contaminants such as cyanide (CN) and arsenic (As). The ecosystem restoration should be done with ecologically adapted native plant species. For this reason, studies of symbiotic interactions between these endemic taxa and associated symbionts are essential for enhanced reclamation and for promoting sustainable development of these disturbed soils. An evaluation of rhizobial and mycorrhizal inoculum potentials and of physico-chemical properties of materials with different degradation levels (tailings, waste rock, two sites reclaimed in 2009 and a natural site outside the mine) was carried out on Essakane’s mine. The results of this study showed an absence of ectomycorrhizal fungi and a very low presence of rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on all materials. For AM fungi, the two disturbed sites showed lower spore density (less than 1 spore/100 g of soil) and root colonisation rate than the non-disturbed sites. This low presence of symbiotic microorganisms can be explained by high alkalinity (pH = 9) and low carbon content of these soils. Concomitantly, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to test different symbiotic inocula and substrates on Acacia senegal seedlings. The symbiotic inocula were the rhizobium strain ORS 3588 (from Senegal) and two strains of AM fungi (Glomus aggregatum, from Senegal; and a Canadian commercial product, Glomus irregulare) used alone or combined. The three substrates with different content of manure and sand (50:50; 25:75; 0:100) were tested to determine the ones that promote the best symbiotic colonisation. After 75 days, morphometric data on plants were analysed. The dry mass was significantly higher on substrates with manure. No effect of inoculation was observed except for the shoot dry mass, on the substrate without manure. In the 100% sand, shoot dry mass of plants inoculated with Glomus aggregatum was significantly higher from that of plants inoculated with Glomus irregulare, Rhizobium or without inoculum. All treatments with Glomus aggregatum are not significantly different. The non-Rhizobium inoculation effect yielded low rate of nodulation. Substrates and inocula had a significant impact on mycorrhizal colonisation. Nevertheless, we observed the presence of nodulation and mycorrhizal colonisation in control treatments. Further molecular analysis would be necessary in order to concisely identify the source of contamination of control plants. These results illustrate the need for isolating and selecting microbial inoculants adapted to soil nutrient limitation in order to develop efficient inoculum that would be used to enhance seedling growth on disturbed mining sites such as Essakane.
References:
Allen, M.F. and Allen, E.B. (1992) Development of mycorrhizal patches in a successional arid ecosystem, Mycorrhizas in Ecosystems, D.J. Read, D.H. Lewis, A.H. Fitter and I.J. Alexander (eds), CAB International, Oxford, pp. 164–170.
Bâ, A.M. and Guissou, T. (1996) Rock phosphate and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza effects on growth and nutrient uptake of Acacia albida (Del.) seedlings in an alkaline sandy soil, Agroforestry Systems, Vol. 34, pp. 129–137.
Bâ, A.M., Dalpé, Y. and Guissou, T. (1996) Les glomales d’acacia holesericea et acacia mangium, Bois et Forêt des Tropiques, Vol. 250, pp. 5–18.
Bois, G. and Coughlan, A. (2009) Ectomycorrhizal inoculation for boreal forest ecosystem restoration following oil sand extraction: the need for an initial three-step screening process, Advances in Mycorrhizal Science and Technology, D. Khasa, Y. Piché and A.P. Coughlan (eds), NRC Research Press, Ottawa, pp. 129–137.
Bois, G., Piché, Y., Fung, M.Y.P. and Khasa, D.P. (2005) Mycorrhizal inoculum potentials of pure reclamation materials and revegetated tailing sands from the Canadian oil sand industry, Mycorrhiza, Vol. 15, pp. 149–158.
Brundrett, M., Bougher, N., Dell, B., Grove, T. and Malajczuk, N. (1996) Working with mycorrhizas in forestry and agriculture, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, 374 p.
Duponnois, R., Plenchette, C., Prin, Y., Ducousso, M., Kisa, M., Bâ, A.M. and Galiana, A. (2007) Use of mycorrhizal inoculation to improve reafforestation process with Australian Acacia Sahelian ecozones, Ecological Engineering, Vol. 29, pp. 105–112.
Fung, M.Y.P. and Macyk, T.M. (2000) Reclamation of oil sand mining areas, Reclamation of drastically disturbed lands, R.I. Barnhisel, R.G. Darmody and W.L. Daniels (eds), 2nd edition, American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, USA, pp. 755–774.
Gastwirth, J.L., Gel, Y.R. and Miao, W. (2009) The Impact of Levene’s Test of Equality of Variances on Statistical Theory and Practice, Statistical Science, Vol. 24(3), pp. 343–360.
Gryndler, M., Hrselová, H., Cajthaml, T., Havránková, M., Rezácová, V., Gryndlerová, H. and Larsen, J. (2009) Influence of soil organic matter decomposition on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in terms of asymbiotic hyphal growth and root colonization, Mycorrhiza, Vol. 19, pp. 255–266.
Guissou, T., Bâ, A.M., Plenchette, C., Guinko, S. and Duponnois, R. (2001) Les mycorhizes à arbuscules sur la tolérance à un stress hydrique de quatre arbres fruitiers: Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del., Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth., Tamarindus indica L. et Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. Sécheresse, Vol. 12, pp. 121–127.
Jasper, D.A., Abbott, L.K. and Robson, A.D. (1989) Soil disturbance reduces the infectivity of external hyphae of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrbizal fungi, New Phytologist, Vol. 112, pp. 93–99.
Jasper, D.A., Robson, A.D. and Abbott, L.K. (1987) The effect of surface mining on the infectivity of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Australian Journal of Botany, Vol. 35, pp. 641–652.
Khasa, D.P., Fung, M. and Logan, B. (2005) Early growth response of container-grown selected woody boreal seedlings in amended composite tailings and tailings sand, Bioresource Technology, Vol. 96, pp. 857–864.
Knight Piésold Consulting (2007) Projet d’exploitation aurifère d’Essakane, Etude d’impact environnemental et socio-économique, Chapitre 7: Programme de gestion environnementale, 144 p.
Levene, H. (1960) Robust testes for equality of variances, Contributions to Probability and Statistics, I. Olkin (ed), Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, CA, pp. 278–292.
McGonigle, T.P., Miller, M., Evans, D.G., Faichild, G.L. and Swan, J.A. (1990) A method which gives an objective measure of colonization of roots by vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, New Phytologist, Vol. 115, pp. 495–501.
Ndiaye, M., Cavalli, E., Manga, A.G.B. and Diop, T.A. (2011) Improved Acacia senegal growth after inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under water deficiency, International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, Vol. 13, pp. 271–274.
Pindi, P.K. (2011) Effect of bioinoculants on growth of Acacia nilotica seedlings, A Quarterly Journal of Life Sciences, Vol. 8, pp. 164‒166.
Sanon, K.B., Bâ, A.M. and Dexheimer, J. (1997) Mycorrhizal status of some fungi fruiting beneath indigenous trees in Burkina Faso, Forest Ecology and Management, Vol. 98, pp. 61–69.
Santiago, G.M., Garcia, Q. and Scotti, M.R. (2002) Effect of post-planting inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp. and mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of Brazilian rosewood, Dalbergia nigra Allem. Ex Benth., in two tropical soils, New Forests, Vol. 24, pp. 15–25.
SAS software (2008) Version 9.2 of the SAS System for PC, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina, USA.
Smith, S. and Read, D. (2008) Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, Third Edition, Academic Press, London, 800 p.
Spain, A.V. and Tibbett, M. (2011) Substrate conditions, root and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation of landforms rehabilitated after coal mining, sub-tropical Queensland, in Proceedings Sixth International Conference on Mine Closure (Mine Closure 2011), A.B. Fourie, M. Tibbett and A. Beersing (eds), 19‒21 September 2011, Lake Louise, Canada, Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, Vol. 1, pp. 199–208.
Weber, J., Ducousso, M., Tham, F.Y., Nourissier-Mountou, S., Galiana, A., Prin, Y. and Lee, S.K. (2005) Co-inoculation of Acacia mangium with Glomus intraradices and Bradyrhizobium sp. in aeroponic culture, Biology and Fertility Soils, Vol. 41, pp. 233‒239.
Zahran, H.H. (1999) Rhizobium-Legume symbiosis and nitrogen fixation under severe conditions and in an arid climate, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Vol. 63, pp. 968–989.
© Copyright 2024, Australian Centre for Geomechanics (ACG), The University of Western Australia. All rights reserved.
View copyright/legal information
Please direct any queries or error reports to repository-acg@uwa.edu.au
View copyright/legal information
Please direct any queries or error reports to repository-acg@uwa.edu.au