Managing excavation closure risk in caving operations

Authors: Vanegas-Palacio, C; Otto, S; Ginting, R; Kothari, U; Campbell, R; Tshisens, JN Download Paper

Cite As:
Vanegas-Palacio, C, Otto, S, Ginting, R, Kothari, U, Campbell, R & Tshisens, JN 2024, 'Managing excavation closure risk in caving operations', in Daniel Johansson & Håkan Schunnesson (eds), MassMin 2024: Proceedings of the International Conference & Exhibition on Mass Mining, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, pp. 963-974.



Abstract:
A framework has been developed to manage production horizon excavation closure risk in caving operations. The focus is on monitoring and response procedures, which are linked to transient geotechnical hazard and remnant reserve value. The study encompasses an analysis of various factors influencing high-closure event risk, including the consequence of asset loss, contributing factors to potential high-closure events, and resisting factors such as rock strength, ground control measures, and rehabilitation work. The framework is supported by empirical benchmarking data and lessons learned from historic cases within PT Freeport Indonesia’s operations and other caving operations. An overview of typical failure mechanisms, best practice monitoring, situation-dependent ground control strategies, and temporary and permanent closure measures (i.e., concrete filling) is provided. The strategies outlined herein offer underground operators a valuable resource for enhancing safety and operational reliability when developing strategies to manage potential high-closure events in critical production areas.